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Gong Li

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"Li Gong" redirects here. For the computer scientist, see Li Gong (computer scientist).
Not to be confused with Gong Li (karateka).
In this Chinese name, the family name is Gong.

Gong Li
鞏俐
Gong in 2016
Born (1965-12-31) 31 December 1965 (age 58)
Shenyang, Liaoning, China
Citizenship
EducationCentral Academy of Drama (BA)
Occupation(s)Actress, model
Years active1987–present
WorksFilmography
Spouses
Ooi Hoe Soeng
​
​
(m. 1996; div. 2009)​
​
(m. 2019)​
AwardsFull list
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese巩俐
Traditional Chinese鞏俐
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGǒng Lì
Wade–GilesKung Li

Gong Li (simplified Chinese: 巩俐; traditional Chinese: 鞏俐; born 31 December 1965) is a Chinese Singaporean actress. Regarded as one of the best actresses in China today, she is known for her versatility and naturalistic performance.[4] She starred in three of the four Chinese-language films that have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film.

Gong was born in Shenyang, Liaoning, and grew up in Jinan, Shandong. She enrolled at the Central Academy of Drama in Beijing, from where she graduated in 1989. While a student at the Academy, she was spotted by director Zhang Yimou and debuted in Zhang's Red Sorghum in 1987. Gong and Zhang's professional and personal relationship received much media attention in the Chinese-speaking world, as they continued to collaborate on a string of critically acclaimed movies, including the Oscar-nominated features Ju Dou (1990) and Raise the Red Lantern (1991). For her role in the Zhang-directed The Story of Qiu Ju (1992), Gong won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival.

Gong also starred in the Chen Kaige-directed Oscar-nominated Farewell My Concubine (1993), for which she won Best Supporting Actress at the New York Film Critics Circle Awards. In English-language films, she won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress for Memoirs of a Geisha (2005), directed by Rob Marshall. Other notable appearances include Flirting Scholar (1993), To Live (1994), Chinese Box (1997), The Emperor and the Assassin (1998), Breaking the Silence (2000), Zhou Yu's Train (2003), Eros (2004), Miami Vice (2006), Curse of the Golden Flower (2006) and Saturday Fiction (2019).

Gong was head of jury at the 2000 Berlin Film Festival and the 2002 Venice Film Festival, the first Asian person to hold such position at both events. Over the course of her career, Gong has won several accolades, including four Hundred Flowers Awards, a Hong Kong Film Award, two Golden Rooster Awards, a Berlin Film Festival, two Cannes Film Festival and Venice Film Festival honors and a David di Donatello Award nomination. She was appointed as a Commander (Commandeur) of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the government of France in 2010.[5]

Early life

[edit]

Gong Li was born in Shenyang, Liaoning, China, as the youngest of five children. Her father, Gong Lize, had been a professor of economics at Liaoning University until being transferred to Shandong University a few years before the Culture Revolution. Her mother, Zhao Ying, originally a college teacher, followed her husband to Shandong and became an accountant at a state-run cotton mill.[6][7]

Gong grew up in Jinan, the capital of Shandong. She studied in Jinan Sanhe Street Primary School (now Shandong Experimental Primary School). At school, she developed an interest in singing, dancing, and imitation. In Grade 2, she participated in her school’s performing arts troupe. Later, she and her classmates were invited to Shandong People’s Radio Station to sing children’s songs in praise of the oil workers in Daqing.[7]

Gong spent six years at Jinan No.2 Middle School. In 1983, she took her first Gaokao, applying to two art programs at Shandong Normal University and Qufu Normal University, but failed to gain admission. The following year, she applied to Shandong Art Academy and the People's Liberation Army Arts College, but was unsuccessful again. Her parents discouraged her from pursuing it further, but Gong persisted by working part-time while taking acting lessons from director Yin Dawei in Jinan. In 1985, encouraged by Yin, she applied to the Central Academy of Drama in Beijing. Despite scoring 11 points at Gaokao below the requirement, the academy petitioned for her special admission, which was eventually granted by the Ministry of Culture, the superior department then in charge of the academy. Gong was admitted to the Central Academy of Drama in 1985 and graduated in 1989.[8][9]

Acting career

[edit]

1987–1989: Career beginnings

[edit]

In 1987, while at college, Gong was discovered by Zhang Yimou, who cast her for the lead role in Red Sorghum, his first film as a director.[10] The film won the Golden Bear at the 38th Berlin International Film Festival, becoming the first Chinese film to win this award.[11] It also won the Golden Rooster Awards and the Hundred Flowers Awards for Best Picture in 1988.

In 1989, Gong starred in Zhang Yimou’s second counterterrorism film, Codename Cougar, for which she won the Hundred Flowers Awards for Best Supporting Actress, ushering in a new stage of exploring acting skills and style. On the same year, she took part in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and according to her, Tiananmen taught her that she should have her own opinion, "not just follow blindly."[12]

1990–1999: Fifth generation filmmakers and international spotlight

[edit]
Gong at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival

Over the several years following her 1987 acting debut in Red Sorghum, Gong received international acclaim for her roles in several more Zhang Yimou films.[13][14]

In 1990, Gong Continued to cooperate with Zhang Yimou and starred in his family ethics movie Ju Dou, which won the Luis Buñuel Special Award at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival,[15] and was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 63rd Academy Awards, becoming the first Chinese film to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[16] Gong also won the Best Actress award at the Varna International Film Festival.

In 1991, Gong starred in Zhang Yimou's film Raise the Red Lantern, which won the Silver Lion award at the 48th Venice Film Festival,[17] and was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards. Gong, playing a rebellious mistress in the film, won the Hundred Flowers Awards for Best Actress and was nominated for the David di Donatello Awards and the NSFC for Best Actress.[18] Her performance in the Raise the Red Lantern (1991) put her in the international spotlight again.[10]

In 1992, Gong starred in the rural drama The Story of Qiu Ju, which won the Golden Lion award at the 49th Venice International Film Festival.[19] Gong's portrayal of rural woman Qiu Ju not only won the Golden Rooster Awards and the Japanese Movie Critics Awards for Best Actress, but also helped her named Best Actress at the 49th Venice Film Festival.

In 1993, she received a New York Film Critics Circle award for her role in Farewell My Concubine (1993).[20] Directed by Chen Kaige, the film was her first major role with a director other than Zhang Yimou.[14] In the same year, she was awarded with the Berlinale Camera at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.[21] Premiere ranked her performance in Farewell My Concubine as the 89th greatest performance of all time. She also worked with renowned director Stephen Chow in comedy films God of Gamblers III: Back to Shanghai (1991) and Flirting Scholar (1993).[22][23]

Immune to political repercussions because of her fame, Gong Li began criticizing the censorship policy in China. Her films Farewell My Concubine and The Story of Qiu Ju were initially banned in China for being thinly-veiled critiques of the Chinese government.[24] Regarding the sexual content in Ju Dou, Chinese censorship deemed the film "a bad influence on the physical and spiritual health of young people."[13]

In 1994, Gong played Jia Zhen, the wife of Xu Fugui, in the drama To Live, which won the Grand Prix at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival.[25] She was also nominated for the Chlotrudis Awards for Best Actress.

In 1995, Gong starred in Shanghai Triad, during her breakup with Zhang Yimou, in which she played a seductive stage queen. The film won the Technical Grand Prize of Cannes Film Festival, the National Board of Review for Best Foreign Language film, and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[26]

These roles established her reputation, according to Asiaweek, as

"one of the world's most glamorous movie stars and an elegant throwback to Hollywood's golden era".[10]

In 1996, Gong and Chen Kaige collaborated again in the romantic film Temptress Moon, which was in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival. Gong has been nominated for her second best Actress at the Hong Kong Film Awards for her role as rebellious teenage girl Ru Yi. She also appeared on the cover of Time.

In 1997, Gong worked with Jeremy Irons on the romantic drama Chinese Box, which won the Best Original Music award at the Venice Film Festival. In the same year, Gong was invited to be a jury at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, becoming the first Chinese to be a jury at the festival.[27]

In June 1998, Gong Li became a recipient of France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

In 1999, Gong and Chen Kaige collaborated for the third film The Emperor and the Assassin, which won the Technical Grand Prize at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.[28]

In many of her early movies, Gong represents a tragic victim and an abused soul (physically or emotionally), trying to release herself from an impossible maze of corruption, violence and suppression. In Raise the Red Lantern and Shanghai Triad, an additional tragic element is added to her being as she unintentionally becomes the executioner of new innocent victims, making her realize that she has assisted the dark cynical system.[29]

2000–2004: Worldwide recognition

[edit]

In 2000, Gong won her second international Best Actress trophy for her performance as a struggling single mother in Breaking the Silence (2000) directed by Sun Zhou at the Montreal World Film Festival. She attended the Montreal World Film Festival that year, where she was awarded a special Grand Prix of the Americas for lifetime achievement for her outstanding achievement.[30] In the same year, Gong was invited by the Berlin Film Festival to be the president of its international jury for the festival's 50th anniversary.[31] Gong was nominated Goodwill Ambassador of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on 16 October 2000.[32]

In 2002, Gong was invited to head the jury of the Venice Film Festival.[33]

In 2003, Gong served as the president of the jury of the 16th Tokyo International Film Festival, the first woman to do so.[34]

In the early 2000s, Gong also starred in two films directed by Wong Kar-wai, 2046 and Eros (both in 2004),[35] which were seen as "an important opportunity to get rid of the influence of Zhang Yimou".[36] She also attended the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where she was awarded the Festival Trophy for her contributions to film industry.

2005–2018: Hollywood and Chinese cinema

[edit]
Gong at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival

Despite her popularity, Gong avoided Hollywood for years, due to a lack of confidence in speaking English.[37] She made her English speaking debut in 2005 when she starred as Hatsumomo in Memoirs of a Geisha. Her performance was met with generally positive reviews.[38] Time Magazine's Richard Corliss to describe her as

"gloriously channeling Bette Davis"[39]

Gong also won the National Board of Review for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Hatsumomo. Her other English-language roles to date included the Chinese Cuban Isabella of Miami Vice in 2006 and Lady Murasaki of Hannibal Rising in 2007. In all three films, she learned her English lines phonetically.

Through three English-language films, Gong has gradually established herself in Hollywood. Speaking of the Hollywood experience, Gong said it broadened her horizons, gave her a better idea of what she liked and allowed her to experiment with different acting styles.[40]

In 2006, Gong worked again with Yimou for historical epic Curse of the Golden Flower, for which She won the best Actress at the 26th Hong Kong Film Awards.[41] Time named her performance as the Empress as the seventh greatest performance of the year. In the same year, she was voted No.1 in the poll of "Most Beautiful Persons in China" held by The Beijing News.[42][43]

She narrated Beijing (2008), an audio walking tour by Louis Vuitton and Soundwalk,[44] which won an Audie Award for Best Original Work in 2009.[45]

Gong in 2013

In 2010, Gong starred in the World War II-era thriller Shanghai as a spy who is disguised as the wife of a triad boss (played by Chow Yun-fat). She turned to documentaries and photographs about World War II, besides taking dancing classes three times a week, to ensure an accurate portrayal of the character.[22] During a press junket for the film, she stated that she was becoming more selective with the Chinese language projects offered to her.

She also emphasized in the interview:

It takes time to create a good role, and it is not easy to meet a good role and one you like, so I am not in a hurry, nor need I be in such a hurry.[46]

Shanghai was not a hit with critics, with critic Nick Allen writing that "Gong Li is put to a great amount of work as the most active member in the ensemble, but she has scant character aside from his intricate allegiances."[47] That year, she was named by CNN as one of "Asia's 25 Greatest Actors of All Time."[48]

In 2014, Gong was the president of the jury for the 17th Shanghai International Film Festival, becoming the first woman jury president in the festival’s history.[49] Later that same year, she reunited with Yimou for the film Coming Home, which is set during the throes of the Cultural Revolution; this film was their first collaboration since 2006.[50]

In 2016, Gong took on her first action role in The Monkey King 2, playing the White Bone Demon.[51]

In 2018, Gong served as the jury president of the 55th Golden Horse Awards.[52]

2019–present

[edit]

In 2019, Gong was cast in Lou Ye's period drama Saturday Fiction, where she plays an actress who is working undercover gathering intelligence for the Allies.[53] The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 76th Venice International Film Festival.[54] Gong learned shooting and hypnosis for the film.[55] Saturday Fiction was a box office failure due to the delayed release, but the artistic value of the film and Gong's performance gained rave reviews.[56] That year, she was also cast in the live-action adaptation of the 1998 Disney animated film Mulan, as a powerful witch.[57] While the film, released in 2020, had a mixed reception, Gong's performance was widely praised by critics. Vanity Fair's chief critic, Richard Lawson, wrote in his review: "It is a pleasure as ever to watch Gong do her thing, slinking and thrashing around in a fabulous black witch’s cloak."[58]

The Hollywood Reporter commented:

the Chinese superstar marks her return to the spotlight with a pair of high-profile films: Lou Ye's period drama and Disney's live-action 'Mulan' remake.[59]

In 2020, Gong was cast in Peter Chan's biographical film Leap, where she plays the hard-driving, real-life head coach of the Chinese women’s national volleyball team Lang Ping.[60] Leap grossed more than $100 million at the worldwide box office, and while the film received mixed reviews from critics, Gong's performance in the film was highly recognized. The performance swept all the major Hong Kong film industry awards in 2021, including the Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards and the HKFDG Awards. She was also nominated for best actress at the Hong Kong Film Awards for the fourth time. The Hong Kong Film Critics Society described her performance as having an "astonishing aura" and wrote that "She fights with conviction in the face of a conservative educational establishment, former teammates and a new generation of young athletes."[61]

In 2021, Gong was invited to be the jury president of the 11th Beijing International Film Festival, becoming the first female jury president in the festival‘s history.[62]

In 2022, Gong was invited to serve as the Art Chairman of the 12th Beijing Film Festival, responsible for the selected films, assisting in the invitation and recommendation of outstanding films and guests.[63]

Personal life

[edit]

Gong's personal and professional relationship with director Zhang Yimou has been highly publicized. Their relationship started in 1986 on the set of Red Sorghum, when Zhang was married to his first wife Xiao Hua while Gong was in another relationship. Gong's then boyfriend, surnamed Yang, violently assaulted her after finding out her relationship with Zhang.[64] In 1988, Zhang divorced Xiao for Gong. In 1995, soon after shooting Shanghai Triad, their 7th collaboration during their relationship, Zhang announced their break-up amidst rumors of Gong's affair with Ooi Hoe Seong, then managing director of British American Tobacco in China.[65][66] According to Gong's mother, however, they split due to Zhang's reluctance to marry Gong after their 9-year relationship. After their break-up, Zhang invited Gong to star in his films Hero and House of Flying Daggers, but she declined both.[67] They reunited in 2006 for the film Curse of the Golden Flower and in 2014 for Coming Home.[68]

In November 1996, Gong married Singaporean businessman Ooi Hoe Seong at Hong Kong's China Club.[69][70] The marriage has been plagued by persistent rumors of discord. In early 2008, Gong applied for Singapore citizenship. When overseas professional obligations prevented her from showing up at her scheduled August citizenship ceremony, she was harshly criticized for not making it a priority. On Saturday, 8 November 2008, Gong, in an effort to make amends, attended a citizenship ceremony held at Teck Ghee Community Club and received her Singapore citizenship certificate from Member of Parliament Lee Bee Wah.[71] Gong was reportedly considering renouncing her Singaporean citizenship after China blacklisted celebrities with foreign passports; however, there is no evidence that she went through with the renunciation.[72] In 2009, Gong and Ooi quietly divorced, though they did not make the news public until three years later.[73]

In 2006, Gong began a relationship with a French photographer, whom she met on the Prague set of Hannibal Rising. The relationship lasted for over 8 years.[74][75]

In 2016, Gong started dating the French composer and musician Jean-Michel Jarre. They married in 2019.[76]

Filmography

[edit]

Films

[edit]
Year Title Role
1987 Red Sorghum 红高粱 Jiu'er
1989 The Empress Dowager 西太后 Guilian
Codename Cougar 代号美洲豹 Ah Li
A Terracotta Warrior 秦俑 Winter/Lili Chu
1990 Ju Dou 菊豆 Ju Dou
1991 God of Gamblers III: Back to Shanghai 賭俠2之上海灘賭聖 Yu-Sin/Yu-Mong
Raise the Red Lantern 大红灯笼高高挂 Songlian
The Banquet 豪門夜宴 Herself/Waitress at banquet
1992 The Story of Qiu Ju 秋菊打官司 Qiu Ju
Mary from Beijing 夢醒時分 Mary
1993 Farewell My Concubine 霸王别姬 Juxian
Flirting Scholar 唐伯虎點秋香 Chou Heung
1994 Dragon Chronicles: The Maidens of Heavenly Mountain 新天龍八部之天山童姥 Mo Han-Wen
A Soul Haunted by Painting 画魂 Pan Yuliang
To Live 活着 Jiazhen
The Great Conqueror's Concubine 西楚霸王 Lü Zhi
1995 Shanghai Triad 摇啊摇，摇到外婆桥 Xiao Jinbao
1996 Temptress Moon 风月 Pan Ruyi
1997 Chinese Box 中國匣子 Vivian
1998 The Emperor and the Assassin 荆柯刺秦王 Lady Zhao
2000 Breaking the Silence 漂亮妈妈 Sun Liying
2002 Zhou Yu's Train 周渔的火车 Zhou Yu
2004 2046 Su Li Zhen
Eros: The Hand 爱神 Miss Hua
2005 Memoirs of a Geisha 艺伎回忆录 Hatsumomo
2006 Miami Vice 迈阿密风暴 Isabella
Curse of the Golden Flower 满城尽带黄金甲 Empress Phoenix
2007 Hannibal Rising 沉默的羔羊前传之揭开罪幕 Lady Murasaki Shikibu Lecter
2010 Shanghai 諜海風雲 Anna Lan-Ting
2011 What Women Want 我知女人心 Li Yilong
2014 Coming Home 归来 Feng Wanyu
2016 The Monkey King 2 西遊記之孫悟空三打白骨精 White Bone Demon
2019 Saturday Fiction 兰心大剧院 Yu Jin
2020 Mulan 花木兰 Xianniang
Leap 中国女排 Lang Ping

Dubbing

[edit]
Year Title Director
2007 My Blueberry Nights 蓝莓之夜 Wong Kar-wai

Talk show

[edit]
Year English title Host
1989 Celebrity Talk Show 今夜不设防 James Wong Jim, Ni Kuang, Chua Lam
2003 Starface 名人面对面 许戈辉
2009 YANG LAN ONE ON ONE 杨澜访谈录 Yang Lan
2011 Star show 巨星秀 Zhang Yi
2013 Telling Maria 2 最佳女主角 黎芷珊
2014 YANG LAN ONE ON ONE 杨澜访谈录 Yang Lan

Music video

[edit]
Year Song Title
1987 Don't come at dawn (黎明不要来)
2001 New Beijing, great Olympics (新北京，新奥运)

Discography

[edit]
Year Song title Notes
1994 Hate this life 恨今生 Soundtrack of The Great Conqueror's Concubine
1995 Shanghai Triad 摇啊摇，摇到外婆桥 Soundtrack of Shanghai Triad
Get out of here 滚出去 Soundtrack of Shanghai Triad
Take a full moon 月圆花好 Soundtrack of Shanghai Triad
Special express 特别快车 Soundtrack of Shanghai Triad
The prudish 假正经 Soundtrack of Shanghai Triad
2001 New Beijing, great Olympics 新北京，新奥运
with Jackie Chan, Coco Lee

Endorsements

[edit]

Gong is the first Chinese ambassador for L'Oreal Paris in 1997.[77] She also served as ambassador for Midea, Chopard and Osim International.

From 2013 to 2018, Gong served as the global ambassadors for Piaget.[78]

Gong served as the global brand ambassador for Hisense on September 27, 2020.[79]

Since 2021, Gong has been the first Chinese artist to become the global high jewelry ambassador for Cartier.[80][81][82]

Charities

[edit]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Year Award Category Nominated work Result
1989 Hundred Flowers Award Best Supporting Actress Codename Cougar Won
1991 Hong Kong Film Awards Best Actress A Terracotta Warrior Nominated
1992 Venice Film Festival Volpi Cup for Best Actress The Story of Qiu Ju Won
Golden Ciak - Best Actress Won
1993 Golden Rooster Awards Best Actress Won
Golden Phoenix Awards Society Award Won
Japanese Movie Critics Awards Best Actress Won
Hundred Flowers Awards Best Actress Nominated
New York Film Critics Circle Award Best Supporting Actress Farewell My Concubine Won
Berlin International Film Festival Berlinale Camera — Honored
Hundred Flowers Awards Best Actress Raise the Red Lantern Won
National Society of Film Critics Best Actress 3rd place
Varna 'Love Is Folly' International Film Festival Best Actress Ju Dou Won
1994 Chlotrudis Awards Best Actress To Live Nominated
1996 David di Donatello Awards Best Foreign Actress Raise the Red Lantern Nominated
1997 Hong Kong Film Award Best Actress Temptress Moon Nominated
1998 Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Officier (Officer) — Honored
2000 Montreal World Film Festival Grand Prix des Amériques — Honored
Golden Rooster Awards Best Actress Breaking the Silence Won
Montreal World Film Festival Won
2001 Hundred Flowers Awards Won
Shanghai Film Critics Awards Won
Golden Phoenix Awards Society Award Won
Hundred Flowers Awards Most Popular Actress — Honored
2003 Beijing College Student Film Festival Favorite Actress Zhou Yu's Train Won
2004 Chinese Film Media Awards Best Actress Nominated
Cannes Film Festival Festival Trophy — Honored
2005 National Board of Review Best Supporting Actress Memoirs of a Geisha Won
Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Nominated
2007 Hong Kong Film Award Best Actress Curse of the Golden Flower Won
Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award Won
Asian Film Awards Nominated
Golden Bauhinia Awards Won
Chinese Film Media Awards Nominated
2008 Italian Online Movie Awards Nominated
2010 Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur (Commander) — Honored
2014 FIRST International Film Festival Most watched actress Coming Home Won
Shanghai Film Critics Awards Best Actress Won
Golden Deer Awards Won
Golden Horse Awards Nominated
Macau International Movie Festival Nominated
2015 Asian Film Awards Nominated
China Film Directors' Guild Awards Won
Chinese Film Media Awards Nominated
2016 Huabiao Awards Outstanding Actress Nominated
China Britain Film Festival Best Actress The Monkey King 2 Won
2017 Top Ten Chinese Films Festival Nominated
2019 Cannes Film Festival Women in Motion Award[c] — Honored
2020 Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award Best Actress Leap Won
2021 Huading Awards Won
Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild Awards Won
China Film Director's Guild Awards Won
2022 Hong Kong Film Awards Nominated
China Film Director's Guild Awards Saturday Fiction Nominated

Jury

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ (1965–2008) [1][2]
  2. ^ (2008–)[3]
  3. ^ Presented by Kering and Cannes Film Festival

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Pak, Jennifer. "Seeking a passport to a new life". BBC News. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
  2. ^ Sng, Suzanne (24 October 2021). "Actress Gong Li reportedly renouncing Singapore citizenship". The Straits Times.
  3. ^ "Gong Li becomes citizen of Singapore". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 10 November 2008.
  4. ^ Colville, Alex (12 April 2018). "Gong Li, the empress of Chinese film". SupChina.
    Letertre, Marilyne (21 July 2019). "Rencontre avec Gong Li, la Meryl Streep chinoise". Madame (in French). Retrieved 21 October 2019.
    "Quotes from Gong Li, China's first lady of film" 華人女星縱橫國際影壇第一人！金馬55評審主席鞏俐的霸氣語錄. Harper’s Bazaar TW. 7 September 2018.
  5. ^ "L'Expo de Shanghai vue à travers les yeux de Gong Li". People Daily (in French). 5 May 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  6. ^ "Gong Li Sidebar". Archived from the original on 25 December 2001. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  7. ^ a b "母亲披露：巩俐张艺谋分手真相（图）". www.cctv.com. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  8. ^ "Gong Li Biography – Barnes & Noble.com". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2005.
  9. ^ "启蒙老师回忆当年:巩俐当年是怎样走出济南的?(图)". www.ce.cn. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
  10. ^ a b c Ghahremani, Yasmin; Stanmeyer, Anastacia (24 September 1999), "Nation builders". Asiaweek. 25 (38):74
  11. ^ "Berlinale 1988".
  12. ^ Watts, Jonathan (6 April 2007). "'I don't go to Hollywood. Hollywood goes to China'". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  13. ^ a b Dargis, Manohla (5 December 2004), "Glamour's New Orientation". New York Times. 154 (53054):Arts & Leisure 1
  14. ^ a b Feinstein, Howard (11 April 1993). "FILM; A Chinese Actress Blossoms on the Screen". The New York Times.
  15. ^ "Awards 1990: All Awards". festival-cannes.fr. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014.
  16. ^ "The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  17. ^ "1991 Venice Film Festival". YesAsia. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016.
  18. ^ "历届大众电影百花奖获奖名单 (Best Actress Winners)" (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 9 September 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  19. ^ "The Story of Qiu Ju". Cineplex. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  20. ^ "N.Y. Writers Pick 'List' but Bypass Spielberg : Movies: Film Critics Circle echoes its L.A. counterpart by naming 'Schindler's List' the best work of 1993 and 'The Piano's' Jane Campion best director". Los Angeles Times. 16 December 1993.
  21. ^ "Berlinale: 1993 Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  22. ^ a b "'I don't fear mistakes': Gong Li". China Daily.
  23. ^ "Gong Li wants to be a better Chow Heung". Yahoo News. 11 November 2013.
  24. ^ No byline (25 February 2000), "First lady of film". Asiaweek. 26 (7):34
  25. ^ "1994 - Le Jury, Les Prix". cannes-fest.com (in French). Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  26. ^ "Festival de Cannes: Shanghai Triad". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
  27. ^ "VENICE FILM FESTIVAL – 1997". Retrieved 6 October 2013.
  28. ^ "52ème Festival International du Film – Cannes". cinema-francais.fr (in French). Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  29. ^ Gong Li in ‘Raise the Red Lantern’ and ‘Shanghai Triad’ – The Tragedy of a Victim who Reinforces the system – ThinkingChinese.com
  30. ^ Kelly, Brendan (5 September 2000). "Montreal fest dawns an age of 'Innocence'". Variety. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  31. ^ "JURIES 2000". berlinale.de. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  32. ^ "Gong Li". Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived from the original on 7 August 2009. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
  33. ^ "Gong Li heads Venice festival jury". The Guardian. 29 July 2002.
  34. ^ "Gong Li named Tokyo jury head". SCREEN.
  35. ^ "Gong Li says she is a versatile actress". China Daily.
  36. ^ "巩俐：给她一个放荡的机会" (in Chinese). Retrieved 13 September 2004.
  37. ^ "The Women of Geisha – EW.com". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
  38. ^ Lyttle, John (16 January 2006), "The eastern affront". New Statesman, 135 (4775):47
  39. ^ "Our thoughts on Gong Li in Miami Vice".
  40. ^ "要把挣扎的蚊子翅膀一只只拔掉".
  41. ^ "List of Awardees of The 26th Hong Kong Film Awards" (in Chinese). Hong Kong Film Awards. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
  42. ^ "Gong Li voted China's Most Beautiful Person". China Daily. 23 May 2006. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  43. ^ Min, Shen (22 May 2006). "Gong Li Voted China's Most Beautiful Star". Archived from the original on 18 May 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  44. ^ Soundwalk Archived 28 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
  45. ^ Audio Publishers Association. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
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